Which protein molecule, vital for sugar regulation, had its structure first discovered by Frederick Sanger in 1953?

• A. Hemoglobin
• B. Insulin
• C. Glucose
• D. Cholesterol

Answer: (B)

The protein molecule that is vital for sugar regulation and was first discovered by Frederick Sanger in 1953 is insulin. Insulin plays a crucial role in metabolic processes, particularly in regulating blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Sanger's work on insulin involved determining its amino acid sequence, which was a significant contribution to biochemistry, as it laid the groundwork for understanding how proteins function and interact in biological systems.

Insulin's structure is important because it directly relates to its function in the body; alterations in insulin can lead to conditions such as diabetes. While hemoglobin, glucose, and cholesterol are also important biological molecules, their discovery and structural studies do not specifically relate to Frederick Sanger's work in 1953 regarding insulin. Hemoglobin is primarily involved in oxygen transport, glucose is a simple sugar and does not have a structure attributed to Sanger, and cholesterol is a type of lipid rather than a protein.