Who is the Spanish conquistador known for his conquest of the Incas and the founding of Lima?

• A. Hernán Cortés
• B. Francisco Pizarro
• C. Diego Columbus
• D. Juan Ponce de León

Answer: (B)

Francisco Pizarro is recognized as the Spanish conquistador responsible for the conquest of the Incan Empire, which was one of the most powerful civilizations in South America during the 16th century. Pizarro led an expedition that ultimately resulted in the capture of the Incan emperor Atahualpa, which significantly weakened the Incan resistance and led to the swift downfall of the empire. His actions culminated in the establishment of Lima in 1535, which was to become the capital of Spanish rule in Peru.

In contrast, Hernán Cortés is known for his conquest of the Aztec Empire in Mexico. Diego Columbus, the son of Christopher Columbus, was involved in the administration of the Spanish colonies but did not have a significant role in the conquests of the Incas. Juan Ponce de León is famous for his exploration of Florida, seeking the Fountain of Youth, but was not involved with the Incas either. Thus, Pizarro's accomplishments are specifically tied to the Incas and the foundation of Lima, making him the correct choice for this question.